Travel Guide to Cusco City
Travel Guide to Cusco: Before boarding your train to legendary Machu Picchu, look around and enjoy the hustle and bustle of one of the most famous cities in the world, the starting point for countless adventures. Like a sound bite of multicultural history, the city of Cusco is crowded with centuries-old buildings that highlight the colonial domination of the Spanish and the grandeur and spirituality of the Inca culture. Visiting Cusco is like wandering around a spectacular open-air museum.
But Cusco isn’t the biggest outdoor museum in the world just because of its appearance. The city is full of local color and culture; the streets, crowded with artists, craftsmen, and merchants, are infiltrated by commerce, local gastronomy, and age-old superstitions. The road that every tourist must travel, entering Cusco and then by train to Machu Picchu, is fraught with obstacles, often so many that the journey becomes a transcendental experience.
1. History and Culture in Cusco City
Beautiful Cusco, Peru, is not only the former capital of the Inca Empire, but it is also an attractive city due to its many wonderful colonial and religious buildings still intact. The Spaniards constructed beautiful churches and massive stone buildings upon Inca walls and palaces. Today, the monument upkeep of this city is the highest in the country. Indigenous people walk the quaint streets and magnificent plazas dressed in traditional clothing, and Cusco becomes even more fascinating.
During the June solstice holiday, the Inti Raymi is celebrated at the fortress of Sacsayhuaman and at the Qorikancha. It is the further development from the ancestral Andean festivities and lacks Christian elements. The roads from Cusco to the nearby towns and ruins become crowded with many outsiders arriving from the countryside to celebrate the holiday and participate in the sacred celebrations alongside the tourists. Firecrackers are set off all day and into the night. Cusco is just a really interesting place full of culture, history, mythology, and energy. It is definitely worth checking out this provincial city in the southeastern Andes of Peru.
1.1. Geography and Climate
1.1.1. Altitude
Cusco has an elevation of 3,400 meters (approximately 11,200 feet). Springtime is Cusco’s rainy season. However, during other times of the year, Cusco experiences an average of two to five hours of rainfall during the late afternoon and early evening.
1.1.2. Topography
Cusco is located in a valley on the eastern slope of the Andes mountain range. The city is surrounded by rolling hills. Several mountains and steep slopes fill the region. Incan ruins can be seen among the terrain near Cusco, many of which were built on the top of tall mountain peaks, up to 8,000 feet above the valley. Several small rivers snake through the valley.
1.1.3. Typical Weather
The weather in Cusco is typical of the Andean climate; there are only two distinct seasons: the rainy/high season and the dry/low season. Because of the absence of vegetation in the valley created by the low rainfall, the valley is well known for the stark contrast of the intense sun and the chilly air. During the dry season, the days are often warm and sunny (with temperatures sometimes in the mid-70s to low 80s), while the evenings are chilly, sometimes in the 30s.
2. Planning Your Trip to Cusco
You will undoubtedly want to be in good physical condition before you set off on your travels. Therefore, preparing a fitness program at least six weeks before you set off will ensure that you will be able to embrace some of the longer and more challenging treks on your trip. When considering a vital piece of kit for your trip, don’t just assume that the more you spend, the better the product. A mid-range rucksack, for example, would serve perfectly well for your trip to Cusco. You will also require adapters in order to plug in any electronics that you bring.
While power cuts can be common, blackout periods are generally swift, so the additional purchase of backup batteries isn’t necessary. Upon arrival, set aside roughly $200 so that you can sort out excursions to the areas surrounding Cusco. These stunning locations include Machu Picchu and the surrounding Sacred Valley and Inca Trail. Your first few days in Cusco will be challenging, so rest and recoup once you arrive. This will result in a more enjoyable layover, and then you are likely to need the money that you set aside for excursions more quickly than you had anticipated.
2.1. Best Time to Visit
The dry season in Cusco runs from January to March, making this the obvious time to visit. It’s the best point of the year to explore the Sacred Valley of the Incas and all its rich historical sights. However, you’ll also be faced with large crowds of tourists, with most, if not all, of Cusco’s 3,000 hotels filled to absolute bursting. As this season is so popular with tourists, you can consider yourself lucky to find a hotel in Cusco, with a waiting list often forming months in advance.
The rainy season doesn’t sound quite as tempting, but appreciating the beauty of this city in the off-peak means far less busy and a more indigenous experience of living in Cusco. Undoubtedly, the best time to visit in terms of the weather, the months of April and May are still relatively quiet with a low quantity of tourists. The month of April is delightfully cooler, and you’ll appreciate its freshness, such an inviting contrast to the hot and humid months of high season! So although it’s difficult to predict, it’s a delight when you’re blessed with a warm and sunny day in this typically unpredictable month.
2.2. Visa and Entry Requirements
Entering Peru through Lima or Arequipa is hassle-free when bringing the necessary travel documents for the visit. Most travelers to neighboring countries of Peru arrive from Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador. Visitors from Canada, most European countries, and the US are given 90-day stays with no visa upon arrival in Peru. These tourists receive a Foreign Traveler card, which allows them to stay in the country for a total of 90 days (visa extensions are applicable).
The only significant factor to consider in relation to these 90 days is that the date of arrival in the country must be considered when traveling beyond the border. Those who overstay their visa face fines at the border. The periods of stay for tourists coming from Australia and New Zealand are negative. This means that travelers need to ask for a visa before entering Peru. The requirements for obtaining a visa to visit Peru as a tourist include a completed application form, a passport, a passport-sized picture, a photocopy of the return ticket, and a paid fee that must be handed over to the Peruvian embassy or consulate.
Visitors below the age of 18 must submit an authorization from their parents, which will give the minor a stay in Peru similar to the period of stay of the parent with the longer duration of stay in Peru. For those who want to study, live, or work in the country, they must discuss their visa with the Peruvian embassy.
3. Getting to Cusco
Cusco is accessed by Alejandro Velasco Astete Airport, which is well served by regular flights. Domestic flights link Cusco directly with Iquitos, Lima, Juliaca, and Arequipa. The easiest way to reach Cusco from Lima is to fly. There are about 20 daily flights between the two cities, and the journey takes 80 minutes. Several bus companies run comfortable services (often overnight) between Cusco and Lima, a distance of 1,150 km.
By bus, the journey takes 23 hours, but many visitors use buses to visit the scenic highlights en route. The first stage involves climbing over the Andes by way of Ticlio. The next stage through the cargo separates Lima from Cerro de Pasco, the mining heart of Peru, and Huánuco, which has some interesting pre-Columbian ruins. From Cerro de Pasco, a branch line leads to Huancayo, but through rail services are now extinct. Buses continue 570 km from Lima across the coastal desert to Nazca and then arrive at the edge of the Andes after 14 hours.
The road climbs for 170 km to reach Abancay, and after another 213 km brings you to the San Pedro range. It is a further six hours to reach Cusco on a road that closely follows the Urubamba River. The Machu Picchu train provides a one-day catalyst for visitors between Cusco and the Incan sanctuary of Machu Picchu. There are two trains each morning in each direction.
3.1. Flights to Cusco Airport
If you are thinking of traveling to this magical place, it is important that you consider first the matter of the flights to Cusco Airport since the flights to Cusco, given the high demand, can be quite expensive. Here we tell you some tips and recommendations for flights to Cusco in this comprehensive guide for you to plan your trip a little better. Today there are several options of airlines that have flights to Cusco, which receive daily flights from the cities of Arequipa, Lima, Puno, and also from Bolivia, so you can consider arriving at these cities first and then flying on to our destination.
Flights to Cusco normally have to make stopovers in the capital of Peru: Lima, which complicates a bit the planning of your trip, especially because you have to plan the departure schedules, paying attention to the fact that international flights to Lima may not always be 100%. There are constant changes in flight prices, but they tend to get quite expensive when booked near the date on which they will be made, so we recommend that you take advantage of good promotions and buy your round-trip ticket in advance. Even during the off-peak months, tickets are still not exactly cheap and are always one of the main entrance costs for the city.
3.2. Overland Travel Options
Along the mountain roads traveling between these three towns, you will find many bus companies ready to take passengers and cargo on their daily trips. There are travel agencies that use luxury buses and charge more for their fares, but there are also regular bus companies that take the same routes at more budget-friendly prices. The buses take the same amount of time to cover the distance and are identical except for minor differences like the quality of the meals and the entertainment options.
Another option to consider if you are traveling to Cusco by land or coming back to Puno or Arequipa is using the tourist bus. There are two types of services: regular and first class. The first one is cheaper and includes the same bus and box lunch as the train; the first class bus offers better quality food and service, sofa seats, and complimentary oxygen during the trip.
It is recommended to heed the advice of experienced travelers who use the services of bus companies that are not necessarily registered in the main terminals. There are many others whose offices are located around the terminals with buses that cover fewer bus routes, and those that travel to interesting places that are usually missed by the major terminals. With these companies, you can reach the Sacred Valley of the Urubamba, which includes Pisaq, Calca, Urcos, and Andahuaylillas, back to Cusco. Many of the companies travel the Cusco-Puno route, and the trips generally take 10 hours. You can also get to Arequipa using these companies and then continue from there.
4. Accommodation Options in Cusco City
There is a wide array of accommodations in Cusco. You can find hotels in historic homes, colonial homes, and modern buildings. Some classic boutique-styled hotels are Casa San Blas, Aranwa, Monasterio, and Inkaterra. Budget hotels are located mainly around the Plaza de Armas and near the train station. Cusco has many charmingly restored colonial inns and boutique hotels. Numerous properties have been restored to their colonial magnificence, and the city is full of colonial boutique hotels where you can stay like a king, and the old historic feel is very present in the design of their rooms.
In Cusco and the Sacred Valley, you can stay in charming bed and breakfasts and small hotels. Many rooms have views of the valley, and the snow-capped Illimani and Cusco make for a scenic and enigmatic picture. A number of establishments have large gardens surrounded by Incan terraces and are havens for birdwatchers, hikers, and those looking to relax from a busy itinerary. Check for amenities needed as well, such as Wi-Fi, hair dryers, and foreign exchange services. Breakfast is included in most hotels; if not, make sure to check before making your decision.
Because of Cusco’s height, the rich soil, and the mild climate, small hotels and hostels have invested in beautiful, well-sized, exuberant gardens. Some carry out zero-kilometer cultivation, and you will quickly notice it by the fresh taste of their vegetables.
4.1. Hotels and Hostels in Cusco
There is a wide range of accommodations to meet the needs of all travelers. In Cusco, you can find cozy hostels offering private bathrooms, internet access, hot water, and heating. The Inca wall inside the room or the house makes it a unique experience. If your budget can afford this, stay at one of the charming hotels that Cusco has to offer. The classic hotel service includes a cozy room with a great view of the city, private bathroom, ambient music, room service, and a varied restaurant. There are also elegant boarding houses with all the services of a four-star hotel. These chalets are located in colonial buildings with lovely balconies, terraces, or patios.
A drop in the water: Choose a first-class hotel, but just 15 or 20 minutes from the Plaza de Armas. This area is calm, quiet, and wealthy. There are no worries about the cars and buses; there are no stores and few people passing. The good news is that the hotel rooms have the best views, and the terraces have the best panorama of all Cusco. The ruins of Sacsayhuamán, the sacred mountains surrounding Cusco, the city, their balconies, and the sunsets over the valley: all of these have their days numbered, as the construction of more and more hotels in Cusco decreases the visibility of the varied geographic spectacle.
4.2. Alternative Accommodation
Generally, the most common place for backpackers to stay is near Calle Triunfo or Calle Plateros, where you are offered accommodation for around 10 soles per night if you are lucky. Prices begin at 15 soles. However, if you are looking for a more strategic and low-priced option, search in places such as Calle Espaderos, north of the Plaza de Armas. Keep in mind that this price range mini-hostel can sometimes be not so clean, noisy, and overbooked, but if you don’t mind these aspects, they offer native and brilliant travel advice. Sometimes it can be hard to find a place with these conditions; try walking around looking for the best place that fits these conditions.
If you have extra money to spend but backpackers prioritize meeting people and finding native owner-run accommodations, a few blocks from the Plaza de Armas, at Lucrepata Calle, there are a couple of one or two-story hotels with inside gardens, private rooms, and sometimes shared bathrooms. These hotels are small and often charming bucolic places that make your time in Cusco unforgettable. Prices are around 40 and 60 soles per night, and the value is for a double room. For congested months and holidays, book a room and try to negotiate the price.
5. Exploring Cusco City
Cusco is a city in the southeastern part of the country, originally known as Qosqo. The name Cusco means “navel of the world” in Quechua. Along with its impressive archaeological remains, the city offers colonial-style churches, narrow streets, pleasant squares, and numerous art shops. It is mentioned in several ancient Andean myths as the birthplace of the Inca founders, Manco Capac and his sister-wife Mama Ocllo.
Cusco was the center of the Inca realm from the 13th to the 16th centuries. Cusco is a historical city found in the heart of the Peruvian Andes. The city of Cusco has become the nation’s premier travel destination and the gateway to the Inca ruins of Machu Picchu. It has a rich history and stands as testimony to the might and once advanced Inca.
When walking around Cusco, you will come across Inca walls lining some streets of the major cities in the town. The amazing thing about this is how these walls have withstood earthquakes long before the arrival of the Spanish and still remain standing. The masonry works of the Inca are incredible. Cusco is undoubtedly a unique place, and no other city holds out such a wealth of fascination and attractions. Cusco has been known as the most ancient and the longest inhabited city of America and is getting ready to embrace the visit of the annual great encounter of the Inti Raymi, called the festival of the sun.
The Inti Raymi festival takes place on June 24th, a time in which Inca prophecies are connected with the worship of the Sun God. It promises the visit of thousands of domestic and international tourists. Cusco is definitely a place worth visiting at least once in a lifetime, although there’s nothing wrong with being drawn back for a lifetime of visits!
5.1. Historic Sites and Landmarks
The Plaza de Armas is the old square of the colonial city and the commercial center of the Incas. It is located on what used to be the heart of the old Inca capital, the so-called Huacaypata. It is said that when the sun god sent Manitsara to be the chief of the Tahuantinsuyo, he first appeared at the city of Cusco and shaped the rock walls that existed in the old square, which were surrounded by numerous hawks. As a result, these walls were known as the Ccuricanacj or the Hawk Nest. The Cathedral of Cusco, completed in 1654, is a Colonial Spanish Renaissance-style church built on the foundations of the Inca palace of Wiracocha.
It’s real name is Santa Iglesia Catedral, because it is the seat of the dioceses and an Episcopal church, but it is also known as the Cathedral of Cuzco. It is located in the Plaza de Armas. It is one of Cusco’s most important cultural heritages and a major tourist attraction. Inside are valuable paintings from the Cusco School. The paintings are mainly of scenes from the Bible, with the Virgin Mary being the dominant figure. The cathedral was severely damaged by the earthquake on the 23rd of May, 1970, but has been restored to house the great artistic treasures it originally contained.
5.2. Local Cuisine and Dining
The city is a delightful place for dining, with an appealing choice of restaurants. Regional dishes include: anticuchos, grilled, skewered piquant beef hearts; roasted cuy, guinea pig; aji de gallina, chicken in yellow sauce; rocoto rellenos, Andean stuffed hot pepper; chicharrones, fried pork rinds; and pecan tamales made with dry-cooked cornmeal. Their offerings are very tasty and their prices are reasonable.
Peruvian bottled water is highly recommended. It’s a natural mineral water that comes in both carbonated and regular still formats. Locals will gently remind you to never drink water from the tap and to be wary of ice served in drinks as well.
However, if you know you will be in Cusco and the surrounding areas for more than 2 days, this is the perfect opportunity to feed your body with the good probiotics in the fermented chicha or corn beer. Known worldwide, it has gained a lot of attention for the colon cleanse effect. Due to its detox side effects, Peruvians don’t recommend drinking chicha within 2 days of reaching the city since it usually doesn’t sit well with tourists.
6. Day Trips and Excursions in Cusco
There are plenty of activities to do in the Sacred Valley and its surroundings. It is advisable to have at least a week or two in order to appreciate Cusco’s vast culture, variety of typical dishes, and the historical monuments. In addition to Cusco’s many attractions, there are also some great day excursions to visit surrounding sites. Below you will find a list of recommended tours and other pertinent information to make your day trips easy and enjoyable.
1. Horseback Riding – Many agencies offer horseback excursions to Cusco. The most popular spots for this sport are near the ruins of Chacan or the Salineras. They usually take half a day.
2. Biking – The most recommended place for this sport is mountain biking in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, due to the fact that Cusco is at a high altitude, making it hard to bike; however, interest in biking is increasing. Another great place to do a tour is from Chinchero, crossing the Salineras and ending in the Pichingoto area of Urubamba or vice versa. You can also take a full day to bike in the town of Maras on dirt trails to Tiobamba, and then to Moray.
Keep in mind when making reservations from company to company, do a price comparison, as some companies charge a lot. Prices range from 50 to 60, including a bike in good condition and special equipment. This price also includes insurance. The price tends to be less if you rent a bike from the hostels. Note: The area of Maras, Salineras, and the Pichingoto have a partial entrance fee of 10 soles.
6.1. Machu Picchu Tours
Certainly, the main reason for visiting Cusco is to travel onward and visit Machu Picchu, a World Heritage site and wonder of the world. Nowadays, there are several ways and alternatives to visit Machu Picchu. In this post, we want to share with you all the different tours to Machu Picchu from Cusco that you can take, plus a few tour options from the closest towns to Machu Picchu. Once in Cusco, you have two main paths to follow: the costly, quick one, or the less expensive and slower one. In both cases, you will have great fun.
In Ollantaytambo, the train can take you straight to Aguas Calientes, or not, and you have to buy a combination ticket for the bus and train from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes. You can also find the timetables for the buses from Aguas Calientes to the entrance of Machu Picchu. If you want, you can still walk for about one hour down the hill to Aguas Calientes. The cost is 24 USD per person.
6.2. Sacred Valley Adventures
The Sacred Valley offers endless outdoor activities and stunning landscapes to discover. Well known for being packed with great Inca ruins, the valley in general runs as a direct reiteration of the grandeur and skillful architecture that the Incas executed so well and left behind. For the adventurous and hiking enthusiasts, this place is full of great one-day trek opportunities for amazing views over the valley as it encompasses the undulating semi-tropical mountains and valleys that are dotted with ruins and small indigenous villages.
Cruising the Sacred Valley feels like a trip through the ancient times of the Incas. Starting almost 20 km away northeast of Cusco, the Sacred Valley is positioned around the Urubamba River, characterized by fertile terraces blanketing the valley floor that facilitate corn growing in agriculture. The river makes for a great contrast among a valley that has not kept up with development and has mainly stayed with traditional Andean and rainforest farming, with incredible steep mountains from the Andes that disappear up into the clear Andean sky.
Apart from these interesting sites, this region boasts stunning Andean towns to learn more about Andean beliefs and indigenous culture. Close enough to the enclave of Cusco, this site is one of the Peruvian Andes’ most prime tourist draws.
7. Cultural Experiences in Cusco
Cusco is much more than just Inca relics; it’s a city packed with hundreds of experiences for the discerning tourist. You can start your day with a visit to the open-air arts fair at San Francisco. If you are in Cusco in June, July, or August, visit the galleries of Arte Nativo and Centro Qosqo de Arte Nativo at Calle El Sol and watch local and Peruvian artists and musicians practicing traditional Andean music and dances.
There is usually a small fee for entrance, but you will get a free cup of coffee. If you walk about halfway down Loreto Street, you might bump into a wonderful eucalyptus towel that is woven on a typical wooden machine. They are fabulous and very inexpensive.
If you really want to immerse yourself in local traditions, you should not miss a visit to one of the typical cuyerías, restaurants where guinea pig is the main dish. Guinea pig is served in about 50 different versions all over Peru, including cuy al horno, cuy al palo, and cuy chactado. Normally, locally prepared guinea pig is said to have a deeper taste with more texture because of the traditional way it is prepared. Afterwards, you can rest a bit in one of the tea houses along Ruinas Street. You will find fresh herbal teas for stress, headaches, and other ailments; some people claim these infusions even have aphrodisiac properties.
7.1. Traditional Festivals and Events
Cusco is famous for its colorful and deeply spiritual celebrations, a fusion of Inca and Catholic traditions. Some of the larger festivals attract large numbers of people from all over the region, and if you can time your visit to coincide with one of these events, no matter whether you are religious or not, do take the chance of embracing the color and spectacle of the festivities. Many of these events are essential components of the ancestral culture of an entire community that forms part of a cultural tourism circuit in Cusco.
January through March – Virgin of Belen and the Carnival of Chechoques, Pilgrimage to Santa Barbara February – Pukllay Puncho Carnival, February Oruro Carnival February – Pilgrimage to the Virgin Mary of the Veracropolis Holy Week – Easter, April – Cross at Tembladera and the Festival of Rumicolca May – Señor de Choquelluska, Virgin of the Sacrifice May – Santa Maria del Triunfo June – San Antonio Bendito and the Ritual Journey for La Flor June – The Pilgrimage to the Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception June – Holy Trinity, San Antonio and the Pilgrimage to the Virgin Mary of the Light
7.2. Artisan Workshops
Artisans of Cusco have inherited the wonderful ability to transform raw materials into very diverse works of art. Tarabuco is one of the workers’ fairs that takes place every Sunday in the city, where you can find textiles, pottery, gold leaf pieces, basketry, carved gourds, wood carvings, and much more. In addition, every time in the city, fairs are organized around the squares, where a wide variety of crafts is available.
The San Roque neighborhood is known for its many workshops making Andean traditional sculptures of the highest quality, while the nearby barrio of San Blas is full of galleries and workshops of contemporary paintings and crafts. Here, you can also find some centuries-old workshops of the Cordova School, where you can explore the talented craftsmanship of the amazing woodcarvers.
From clay, molds, and ovens come to life amazing ceramics and pottery. Also, working with gourds, drying natural materials, and creating real treasures is a tradition passed orally from generation to generation since pre-Inca times. For some 200 years, the city of Cusco has been developing an architectural technique that consists of colored plaster bas-reliefs on a white background, a riot of vibrant colors that covers the facades of the windows, doors, balconies, and other elements of the old buildings.
It’s called ‘scribbling.’ If you want to watch, you can go to the district of San Blas to see various workshops and possibly the most famous artisan in the middle of Calle Tandampuse. You could also have the experience of some amazing, entertaining, and challenging traditional planks.
8. Outdoor Activities in Cusco
For the energetic traveler, the Cusco region is packed with activities that mix culture with stunning scenery. With towering mountains, deeply incised rivers, gorgeous meadows, and grazing alpacas, exploration here is very rewarding. The region is also a favorite of those who love adventure, such as hiking, trekking, river rafting, mountain biking, rock climbing, and zip-lining. Let’s check some of the most loved activities among adventurers:
1. Zipline: Cusco has several sites for zip-lining, contrasting the incredible views from the top with the adrenaline of speed.
2. Hiking & Trekking: Classic treks such as the Inca Trail and the Salkantay are among the many options for walkers. There are treks that last from 1 day to 10 days, passing through other ruins and archaeological sites in the area.
3. Mountain Biking: They cross paths, roads, and even descend by rail. On your mountain bikes in Cusco, you will feel extreme emotions on your way to archaeological sites that you would not otherwise visit.
4. Navigable Rivers: Rafting: The rivers of Cusco are perfect and have rafting options of all levels, including Choquequirao and Vilcabamba.
With the opening of the cultural alternative route and the visit of many tourists to Machu Picchu, the question arises of whether Cusco can continue to receive such a flow of people on the Inca Trail. However, Calca, Limatambo, Mollepata, Ancahuasi, and other districts of the Cusco region will continue to provide tourists with lost cities they did not know about. Tourism in the Cusco region is not only about the Inca Trail. Some of these places are less well known, so they are less crowded with tourists, and for us, the discovery of these Inca cities is more fun. This is due to the knowledge of the official guides on the classics like Machu Picchu.
8.1. Hiking and Trekking Options
One of the most exciting activities you can do in Cusco is hiking or trekking. The area is home to hundreds of designated trek routes. So you must be really picky and choose a path based on how challenging a track is and how wildlife-extensive ecosystems are that you will face. These are the main hikes: Ausangate: Due to the high altitude of the permanent snow, the trek to Nevado Ausangate offers spectacular panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and the stunning Andean mountain range.
The hike, although moderate to challenging due to the altitude (the highest point of the trip will be the Ausangate pass located at 5,194 meters), features absolutely breathtaking scenery, up and around one of the most beautiful mountains in the area. Due to the high altitude and the difficulty of the hike, and the fact that you travel mostly alone, you should be very well acclimated.
As a way to return to Cusco, we recommend this trek as a great option for doing the Salkantay Trek to Machu Picchu. This Salkantay trek is the top alternative to the classic Inca Trail to Machu Picchu and is ideal for those travelers who wish to keep away from the overcrowded areas and who are itching for a diverse hike.
8.2. Rafting and Zip-lining
Pisac Rafting (Address: Plaza de Armas s/n, Pisac).
On the way to the Inca town of Ollantaytambo, about 2 hours away from Cusco, is the colonial town of Pisac, visited mainly by tourists due to its famous craft fair. Of course, if you are not interested in buying souvenirs, but would rather spend a couple of adrenaline-filled hours, you can do so with the help of Pisac Rafting. Full canoeing here is available throughout the year, and in no place are the waterfalls as impressive as they are in Pisac.
There are 13 types of rafts at different difficulty levels, and with them, you will travel about 30 minutes down the river, but take pictures for a lifetime. After playing in the water, you will have the option of taking some pictures of the pre-established trip or making a quick zip line at no additional cost. At the end of the descent, Pisac Rafting will provide you with a buoy and rowing vest, so there is no need to take any extra precautions, as they will take care of everything else.
Cusco – Adventure Sports is a company with 17 years of experience offering adventure and outdoor activities, including accompanied river rafting. They offer a range of difficulty levels from 1 to 5 and provide half-day and full-day services. The rivers that you will encounter on a tour with them range from the Vilcanota and Paucartambo rivers. After the activity, the company will provide you with a bottle of water and the opportunity to buy photos, then take you back to the city in the same vehicle as you were picked up in. Rafting Cusco could only provide information in Spanish and the number provided on WhatsApp.
9. Health and Safety Tips in Cusco
During the dry season, the humidity in Cusco can be quite low, so as a precaution, try to drink as much water as possible to avoid dehydration. It’s best to fill bottles from safe water sources or to drink bottled water. It’s also essential to eat well, always tending to consume foods that have been well cooked. Although Cusco is always lively from morning until night, you should still avoid deserted streets or poorly lit places after dark.
For those who plan to go to the places near the fortress for a walk, or who want to go to the trail, it is just as essential to always go accompanied by friends. Vehicles drive on the right side of the street, which may seem strange to some people, as does there being so many people on the street. There are many informal businesses, as well as informal taxis. The real taxi that has been approved by the authorities is on a golden route. The formal businesses always offer a service to ensure that you are having a pleasant vacation.
9.1. Altitude Sickness Prevention
Altitude sickness occurs when people travel from lower elevations to a higher elevation within a short amount of time. There are three levels to this illness. The first level is called acute mountain sickness (AMS). This is the most common level. Symptoms include headache, lack of appetite, dizziness or giddiness, fatigue, trouble sleeping, pain in other organs such as the stomach, vomiting, shortness of breath with walking or activity, and a heart beating harder and faster upon exertion. The second level is called high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).
This happens if somebody with AMS continues going up into the higher elevations too fast. Other symptoms of HAPE include cough with clear mucus that became frothy, pink, or bloody, problems with walking because of breathlessness, and fever. The third level is called high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Symptoms of HACE include changes in consciousness that can range from confusion, lethargy, to walking like a drunk person. Here are some helpful tips to prevent or minimize getting altitude sickness: plan your itinerary wisely, ascend slowly, limit activity the first 24 to 48 hours, drink plenty of water and eat a light diet, rest during the first day, and use prescription medications.
If you are worried that your body will not be able to tolerate high altitudes, you should inform your physician before traveling. Ensure that you have comprehensive health insurance. In the event that you get injured or sick, you may be flown down to a lower elevation for medical care. In some cases, if the condition is advanced, you may be completely evacuated to another country that has advanced medical facilities. If that occurs, expect to pay all evacuation expenses out of your own pocket up front. Booking a tour with a reputable travel company will reduce the risk of being overcharged for evacuation services or the trip simply being abandoned by the insurance carrier.
9.2. Travel Insurance Recommendations for a Travel Guide to Cusco
Because of the altitude and specific activities on your travel schedule, it is important to have comprehensive travel insurance. Included in the usual things like medical, loss of baggage, and trip cancellation, there are some other things you should consider when purchasing travel insurance for your trip:
Make sure that your travel insurance policy includes emergency evacuation insurance, such as helicopter rescue. You will be visiting many remote areas in the highlands and will want to have the ability to be treated and transported to your desired medical treatment location.
Make sure that your travel insurance covers you for any high-altitude activities that you may wish to partake in. This is very important, as not all insurance covers such activities automatically.
If you plan to partake in high-value activities or staying at luxury hotels, make sure that your travel insurance plan provides enough coverage.
If you are planning to partake in adventure sports, make sure that your travel insurance plan covers these activities.
Prior to medical treatment, make sure to check the details of your travel insurance plan:
Ensure that you or a supporting team member obtain approval from your travel insurance provider for all medical services. Keep in mind that a requirement for prior consent does not mean that reimbursement will be approved. Understand the implications of your policy clauses, such as agreeing to a cashless claim process when seeking treatment at specific medical establishments.
Understand the definition of deductibles and excess clauses in your policy schedule. Knowing the details of your policy schedule before you seek treatment can prevent unexpected charges that result in denied reimbursement. Remember that seeking non-emergency treatment at any facility removes the “based on prior consent” clause.
Outside of these specific travel insurance considerations, it is always a good idea to get a routine travel insurance policy to cover any unforeseen health issues, natural disasters, or theft. Getting comprehensive travel insurance will ensure your traveling greatly enhances your peace of mind and enjoyment.
10. Shopping and Souvenirs
The 15 Best Things to Buy in Cusco: The Best Souvenirs from Cusco. Besides boasting an incredibly rich historical heritage and staggering mountains that merge with the clouds, giving the city an undeniably beautiful and dramatic backdrop, Cusco is also famous for its great craftsmanship. With lots of lovely items to choose from, we’re confident that if you take your time and are willing to really look around, you’ll be able to take home some unique and authentic pieces. When buying, remember the bartering rules.
Tip: Have small coins in your purse, as often drivers won’t accept more than small bills. Use the change you receive to more easily buy little things. Here’s our Top 15 list of the best-known and best-loved things to buy in Cusco. Note that some of the products are not only sold as souvenirs but that some of them are typical of the region; they make for remarkable, authentic, and useful presents that will be treasured and appreciated.
10.1. Popular Markets in Cusco
But Cusco is not just a place for sightseeing. As the heart of the former Inca Empire, the city has a rich cultural heritage as well. From street markets where artisans sell traditional handicrafts to old churches and roads that once belonged to the grand Incan roads, you could easily spend a couple of days just soaking in the city’s vibrant atmosphere. The people you meet are another reason to love Cusco.
The attitude is generally positive, dramatic stories are happily exchanged, and everyone is in the mood for dance, music, and festivities in one way or another. To get the most out of them, it’s best to visit during a local holiday or festival. If you come to Cusco for the first time, we have put together a guide where you can decide for yourself which are the must-see, must-visit, and must-taste places.
Cusco’s street markets are one of the city’s highlights for everyone looking to soak in the local Peruvian culture and to get a parasol; it looks just great in the camera view. Here you will find a wide variety of typical handicraft products made of llama and alpaca fur. Gloves, hats, sweaters, scarves, blankets, and even stuffed animals are also available in a variety of styles.
Additionally, there are handmade ceramic products of the area, decorations, souvenirs, folk art, jewelry, and musical instruments. The San Pedro Market also contains stands selling a large variety of cold and hot food and specialty goods. Food at the stalls and kiosks is mostly prepared from fresh, regionally available ingredients for breakfast and lunch.
Winters are tasty, serving chicha morada and other local drinks, while crepes and other snack bars are also available. You’ll also find much-needed, cheap grocery items and merchandise such as clothing, footwear, and fabric, as well as artisanal items such as textiles and jewelry. You should also note that children and adults usually sell simple gifts or look for small change while people dressed up as animals or other figures are ready to pose for a photo in order to receive some money.
10.2. Handmade Crafts and Textiles
Peruvians are famous for their vast clothes and textile market, and most of what is sold is genuine. In Cusco, a place that holds more than half of Peru’s alpacas and llamas, the tradition has continued. Local craft markets and towns such as Chinchero, Patabamba, Orcocoyoc, and many others offer over 100 handcrafts. Regional dress with brightly colored textiles, scarves, bags, ponchos, and mats can be found in many stores. The back strap woven belts are highly prized for their quality weaving and natural dyeing in various colors.
Real llama and alpaca materials are sold in many stores. Be sure to check the tag or question the vendor about the authenticity of the merchandise. Yarn, roving, and handcrafts are made only from these two mammals and provide a piece that will last a long time, although they may be a bit more expensive. Towns selling these goods include Chinchero, Patabamba, Sencca, and Huando. Keep in mind that in Chinchero, it is believed that, from generation to generation, each woman has her own unique weaving and dyeing pattern.
11. Nightlife and Entertainment in Cusco
Without a doubt, Cusco’s nightlife is one of the best in Peru, where you can enjoy a vibrant atmosphere around its cobbled streets and colonial buildings. In Cusco, you will find a great variety of nightclubs and bars that will make all your evenings really entertaining, where you can dance until sunrise. In this part, we will introduce you to some of the best places in Cusco to enjoy an entertaining nightlife: Our favorite bars and pubs are: Mamma Africa in the Plaza de Armas, Norton Rat’s Tavern, Fallen Angel, and the well-known Content Bar with table football, electronic darts, and popular drink promotions.
Among the most popular nightclubs, we find Mythology with excellent live music and delicious snacks, Mama Africa, Bemba’s, Mushrooms, and others. You can find these and other places to have fun in the city center.
11.1. Bars and Clubs in Cusco
La Feria offers dancing all night in a naturally composed setting. DJs are mixing music for the young European travelers. A taxi back to the center shouldn’t be more than five soles, but a multipycab is better and safer. Mushroom has been the most popular disco for locals. In the center of Cusco, music varies, but they have chosen electronica and techno. Reyes didn’t accept a word about the approval from the church, which is working every day of the week.
Mythology and an open bar were the theme for the opening; even a photo with your astrological sign was possible. Rue Rue was opened in the beginning of 2006. They are located on the corner of busy Avenue El Sol and narrow Street San Agustín, probably a positive thing for loads of tourists who don’t need to find the more tucked away bars and clubs.
During the day, Cosmopolitan has good meals, but at night, the party starts with the go-go dancers in transparent dresses, DJs, erotic movies in the bathrooms, and nothing but the best music. For several years, Ukuku’s disco was known as such, but now it is called Eros UKUKU and offers salsa on a big screen. Macondo bar on the square of San Francisco finished their remodeling in January 2006.
Especially Paris Muñoz is proud of the new wine bar. Another reflection is the beginning of a true Peruvian cuisine restaurant in the corner of San Agustín and Plateros, named Miski, owned by Germán from the colony of Valencians. The Lamb was passed on in 2005 into the hands of brothers Sergio and José Luis, who updated the facilities, replacing wood with chrome and glass and elevating guests to a higher level. Kukuly welcomes tourists in a similar manner.
In this context, it may seem incomplete due to the fact that many files are still waiting to be written, but its present condition is the best I have made so far, and a very usable Cusco bar and club should already give you a vague orientation in the world of the endless long happy hours. With updated service protocols and flight schedules, there is ample reason to build upon the numerous extinct breeds and gain insights into the discoveries that will mutate in the future.
The municipalities of Cusco and the rest of the Sacred Valley are getting more and more irritated by the presence of KokaLandia in the region; the nightclubs are nothing but discos offering poor music and experiences for youth, and they prefer to forget it all just for a moment and look for new names, which will hopefully leave a positive and long-term impression of the city.
11.2. Live Music and Cultural Shows
Live music in Cusco is first and foremost Andean, usually a blend of the classic ‘huayno’ styles with some modern influences. This is an intimate, almost family genre, driven by sad but sweet melodies, flutes, and drums. The second style of music you can hear in Cusco is ‘música criolla’, Creole music, a reminiscence of colonial Spain, when the high and low classes in Peru used to party together to the sound of guitar and cajón.
It sounds a lot like flamenco and is pretty beautiful. In the restaurants, people usually play old masters’ covers, the kind of thing you’d expect to hear at dinner parties in affluent parts of Lima. For classical music, there are several concerts and Sunday mass performances in the local churches. There are three main cultural shows aimed at tourists: Cusco Folklore Dance Show, Cusco Inka Culture Show, and the Night of Peruvian Paso Horses Show. Visitors can check with travel agencies in town, visit the center of the Plaza de Armas, or the tourist office for more information about ticket prices and schedules.
12. Practical Information
Post office: The main branch is at Portal de Belen 171.
Internet cafes: There are internet cafes on every street in the center of Cuzco, and some of the nicer restaurants also have connections that you can use. Prices are around S/3-S/4 per hour.
Hospitals and health: The main hospital is at Av. Hospital 1199, on the way to Pisac. There are some pharmacies on Plateros, just up from the Plaza de Armas.
Laundry: There are plenty of lavanderias, or laundries, in Cuzco where you can pay to have your clothes laundered.Prices are generally around S/3-4 per kilo for a general wash, but more if you ask for things to be done like ironing or dry cleaning. Some of the laundry services in central Cuzco charge a lot more than others, so it’s worth shopping around, or else pay less if you are happy to drop your washing off at a laundry that is further away from the center.
Tailors: Located on Plateros and in every other street in the city center, there are many tailors who can provide alterations for you.
Electricity: The voltage in Peru is 220-240, and the socket types are A and C.
Banks: There are ATMs, money changers, and banks all around the city center. A few of the main banks are at Laido 123, Maruri 300/312, and Portal Comercio/Plaza de Armas. Exchange bureaus are situated around Marques.
Travel and Touristic Information: The Centro de Informacion Turistica is at Calle Mantas 114, and the DIRCETUR office is at Mantas 117. Bear in mind that Cuzco has an abundance of independent travel agents selling tours to Cuzco, the Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu, the Amazon, and many other destinations in the Peruvian southern region. A guidebook and a walk around town will give you a good idea of some of the best places to visit.
Embassies and consulates: The main police station in Cuzco is at Calle Teatro, and the tourist police have an office on Calle Triunfo 392.
Accidents: In case of an accident, go to the hospital. If you need to be evacuated, you must have good-quality travel insurance. Ask for advice at your embassy or at the hospital.
12.1. Currency and Tipping Guidelines
Currency Officially, Peru uses Nuevo Sol as its primary currency. The exchange rate hovers around 3.20 soles to 1 US dollar. When dealing with small amounts, it is useful to remember there are about 3 soles to one dollar, but the current rate is higher. It is advisable to exchange large amounts at a bank and to break your large bills down into large and smaller soles denominations at a store. Tipping In Peru, a service charge is often added to your bill, making the act of tipping somewhat optional.
It is important to note that the salaries of many workers are not very attractive, and while they should respect your decision, workers will often expect something extra. Tips of 5-10% of the bill are generally considered appropriate in nicer establishments. In less fancy restaurants, an extra sole per person is a fair gratuity, and cab drivers should be tipped a sole or two. When hiring a tour guide, it is customary to tip 10 US dollars per person for every day of your excursions. Keep this fact in mind when planning your budget for the trip.
All of these suggestions about tips are rough guidelines only, and some people may expect more. While it is useful advice to get a fair perspective of the money you’ll be expected to contribute, it’s also good to remember that tipping in Peru is not mandatory. While generous tips are a nice gesture, it’s not going to win you any honors if you don’t tip, especially when you don’t feel you’ve received outstanding service.
12.2. Local Transportation Options
Yes, tourists can walk and enjoy the heritage of the city of Cusco, noting that many places are nearby. Walking through the narrow streets that take you to historical sites is a constant spectacle; however, for more distant places, there are urban service buses from different companies that you can easily identify because of their green color. To use them, you simply need to go to the sidewalk and flag them (or use the closest bus stop). Once aboard, ring the bell and go to the door, which will open, and place the money in the container near the door to pay for the ticket.
Remember that, on average, urban transportation in Cusco, as in other major cities, is better and more adaptable. You have buses and taxis that are usually present at all times of the day, and you can take one of the different taxi companies available. You can ask the reception of your lodging where to find a taxi and how much it might cost on average. Requesting a taxi directly on the street is a bit unsafe, and you can consult different companies and schedules for renting cars with or without drivers to make trips to different tourist attractions with greater comfort.
13. Language and Communication
I think some of the most underrated experiences and memories I have are the numerous encounters I have had with non-English speakers. Not being able to communicate with someone while relying only on body language and patience has a kind of humor, charm, and meaningfulness that often creates connections or understanding that would not otherwise be there. Likewise, it’s amazing how much people are willing to help you in a foreign place despite a language barrier, and how much you can rely on your own sense of self-reliance to work it out anyway.
Travel only serves to teach you that you can survive, thrive even, with nothing but your own resources and a smile. Still, it’s nice to have folks here and there who are able and willing to help steer you in the right direction. Since about 60% of the time when you are a tourist in Cusco, you’re dealing with non-English speaking locals, it’s not a bad idea to have at least a few phrases under your belt.
Locals love it when you try to communicate in their native language too. Much like gesturing and passing the time with your bodies, trying to talk in a foreign language with someone who does the same with you can be a chance to have a quiet, sweet moment.
13.1. Useful Spanish Phrases
Learning some Spanish phrases or at least trying to communicate in Spanish can really enhance the Cusco experience. Since tourism is the principal industry, many people in Cusco will understand English, but unfortunately not everyone does! The same goes for the surrounding Sacred Valley of the Incas. Here are a few Spanish phrases and sentences that are worth learning if only to understand the responses from your Spanish-speaking hosts.
Try out your new Spanish phrases on Cusco’s friendly and helpful people; they will be patient and are generally eager to assist. As you explore Cusco and the Sacred Valley, these phrases will help you make the most of your adventure and add to your enjoyment of the area. I speak a little Spanish. What is your name? How are you? I don’t understand. Please repeat that. Do you understand?
13.2. Language Tips for Travelers
In Cusco City, most people you will encounter regularly can speak at least some level of English. Most service providers in the town also do so, such as restaurants, tourist guides, tourist services, tourist shops, and many shops offer the usage of the English language. Yet currently, there is no obligation in place for everyone to study a second language from an earlier age.
However, if you leave the city and interact with the locals, we recommend you travel with a handy language translator or a small Spanish dictionary. The little you say in Spanish is appreciated by the people that visit. People here are generally kind to tourists in the matter of language problems; some smile or laugh after listening to our broken Spanish, and they try to help us. But it is better for you, traveler, to bring your phrase book. If you opt to visit remote areas like the Quechua-speaking communities, it is absolutely important to bring a translator.
However, when using these services, it is essential to do so with good manners. Knowing ‘please’, ‘thank you’, and a few others in Quechua can also help you make friends. Always try to break the language barrier; local people could find talking with you enjoyable, and people eventually make friends just by knowing a few words that you are trying to express.
14. Sustainable Travel Practices
When visiting Cusco, there are steps travelers can take to ensure that their experiences have as small an impact as possible on the natural environment and local culture. In addition to choosing responsible travel companies, visitors to Cusco can have a positive impact by following some sustainable travel guidelines. It is important for travelers to keep in mind that although tourism has the potential to bring benefits to a destination, it also poses threats to the environment and can place additional stress on fragile ecosystems and habitats.
Support local produce. Cusco and the surrounding region are famous for a wide variety of delicious fruits and vegetables, and nutritious endemic crops, including quinoa and kiwicha. When travelers purchase these items at the market, they are helping to support the local agricultural economy and maintain the native crop diversity. Furthermore, purchasing and eating products that have been grown in Cusco helps to ensure that there is less of an environmental impact by reducing the distance that food must be transported. Items that are shipped from far away consume fossil fuels and create air pollution along the route.
14.1. Responsible Tourism Initiatives
Responsible tourism is a sustainable alternative to mass tourism in which tourists often do more harm than good. During your stay in the city, you will find that different initiatives allow you to reduce the negative impact of your visit. To have a positive social impact: Find out about the organization of the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, or about Sol en Casa, which supports single mothers.
Their program is an example of how to integrate tourists through the artistic exhibitions they offer. When you go to buy artisanal products, you support local craftspeople and help to preserve the traditions of Inca culture. Opt for homestays with a local guide who donates some of his proceeds to a social project or to a campesino community. Use social tourism companies that comply with responsible tourism principles.
If it is necessary during the tour of the city or sacred land to acquire a local product to drink, it is preferable to buy from local merchants. Responsible tourism is demonstrating its virtues in the Sacred Valley and creates new ways to improve community life. Instead of shopping at the market, choose the small food stands that prepare specialties from the region. Also, in the village of San Blas, some small restaurants allow you to sample the local cuisine.
14.2. Ecotourism Opportunities
Ecotourism is a growing sector of the tourism economy in Cusco jurisdictions and elsewhere in Peru. It is an important element of the overall regional economic development strategy of the government. Various ecological zones that preserve the physical and biological diversity of the area include the Valley of Lares, Quillabamba, Abra Malaga, and the Pongo de Mainique, which are part of the biodiversity zones of Peru. One section contains the historic sanctuary of Machu Picchu. These zones offer a variety of conservation activities, and adventure and cultural tourism has become an interesting objective.
Relatively new but growing interest in conservation activities necessitates the construction of basic tourist infrastructure. Infrastructure is needed to guarantee the enjoyment and value of ecotourism, while viable and sustainable alternatives for local development offer solutions, protect the natural and cultural environment, and contribute actively to the struggle against poverty in these isolated regions, especially in the Province of La Convención. The government encourages the conservation of these zones to maximize the strategic resource of Cusco as a natural destination for international tourists keen on adventure and nature, generating direct impacts on the improvement of the lives of local, regional, and national citizens.
